Pertamina oil case: what the courts found, and what they did not

Nine defendants have been convicted in the Pertamina crude oil and refinery products governance case, with first-instance prison terms of 9 to 15 years. The state loss figures attached to the case range from about Rp2.9 trillion in a single defendant's restitution order to Rp171.9 trillion in economic losses cited by the Jakarta High Court. Prosecutors' own figure was reported at Rp285 trillion. None of the verdict reports reviewed for this analysis describes a court finding that fuel sold to the public was adulterated.

That last point matters because the case entered public debate in February 2025 as a story about "oplosan", or blended fuel. This analysis sets out the verdicts, how they changed on appeal and in the Supreme Court, what the different loss figures mean, and what the courts have and have not established. It draws on the records on our issue page, Pertamina crude oil and fuel governance corruption case.

The first-instance verdicts

The Jakarta Corruption Court read its verdicts on the night of 26 February and early on 27 February 2026. It found all nine defendants guilty of corruption committed jointly under the prosecutors' primary charge, with sentences of 9 to 15 years, Kompas TV reported. The case covers the governance of crude oil and refinery products at Pertamina's subsidiaries from 2018 to 2023.

• Riva Siahaan, former president director of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga: 9 years and a Rp1 billion fine, Dandapala reported.
• Maya Kusmaya, former marketing director of Pertamina Patra Niaga: 9 years and a Rp1 billion fine.
• Edward Corne, former vice president of trading operations: 10 years and a Rp1 billion fine.
• Yoki Firnandi, former president director of PT Pertamina International Shipping: 9 years and a Rp1 billion fine, Kompas TV reported.
• Dimas Werhaspati, commissioner of PT Navigator Khatulistiwa and PT Jenggala Maritim: 13 years and a Rp1 billion fine.
• Muhammad Kerry Adrianto Riza: 15 years, with restitution of about Rp2.9 trillion, Dandapala reported.

The other three defendants, Sani Dinar Saifuddin, Agus Purwono and Gading Ramadhan Joedo, received terms within the same range, according to Kompas TV, which did not list their individual sentences.

For Riva Siahaan, Maya Kusmaya and Edward Corne, prosecutors had sought 14 years, a Rp1 billion fine and Rp5 billion in restitution each, Hukumonline reported. The court imposed no restitution on Riva Siahaan at first instance, Dandapala reported.

How the sentences changed on appeal

The Jakarta High Court moved in different directions for different defendants.

• It cut Riva Siahaan's sentence to 7 years, lowered the fine to Rp500 million and added Rp5 billion in restitution. On 1 October 2026 the Supreme Court rejected cassation appeals by both Riva Siahaan and the prosecutors (No. 11730 K/PID.SUS/2026), so the 7-year sentence stands, Dandapala reported.
• It kept Muhammad Kerry Adrianto Riza's 15-year sentence, set a Rp500 million fine and raised restitution from about Rp2.9 trillion to about Rp13.4 trillion, made up of about Rp2.9 trillion for state financial loss and Rp10.5 trillion for economic loss, Dandapala reported in June 2026. On 14 October 2026 the Supreme Court rejected his cassation appeal with a correction to the restitution amount (No. 11267 K/PID.SUS/2026). The corrected amount had not been published when Okezone reported the ruling on 31 October.

Several loss figures, several meanings

The case has produced at least five headline numbers, and they measure different things.

• Rp193.7 trillion: the state loss figure the Attorney General's Office announced when it named suspects in February 2025, Suara Surabaya reported.
• Rp285 trillion: the state loss figure in the prosecution's case, as reported by Investortrust during the trial in January 2026.
• Rp9.42 trillion: the state financial loss the first-instance court found in the verdict on the three Patra Niaga officials, Hukumonline reported.
• Rp171.9 trillion plus about US$2.62 billion: the economic loss and illegal gain cited by the Jakarta High Court in Muhammad Kerry Adrianto Riza's appeal. The first-instance court had rejected the economic loss figure as "assumptive", Dandapala reported.
• About Rp13.4 trillion: the restitution ordered on appeal for that defendant, since corrected by the Supreme Court to an amount not yet published.

State financial loss refers to money lost by the state or state companies. Economic loss is a broader estimate of harm to the economy. The courts have not adopted a single combined figure.

The blending question

When the case was announced, reports of the prosecution's allegations described lower-octane gasoline being blended and sold as RON 92, prompting public alarm. Pertamina Patra Niaga's acting president director, Mars Ega Legowo Putra, said on 26 February 2025 that its Pertamax and Pertalite were not reprocessed into other grades and that blending is used to raise fuel quality, Suara Surabaya reported. A video that appeared to show Riva Siahaan mixing the two fuels was made with artificial intelligence, an ANTARA fact check found on 12 March 2025.

At trial the issue narrowed. Testifying as a prosecution witness on 27 January 2026, former Pertamina president commissioner Basuki Tjahaja Purnama said there had been no "oplosan", only blending, Investortrust reported. In his plea on 20 February 2026, Riva Siahaan said the "BBM oplosan" accusation made in public did not appear in the indictment, RMOL reported. Hukumonline's account of the verdict describes the case against the three Patra Niaga officials as centred on a 2023 special tender for RON 90 and RON 92 gasoline, including the leaking of confidential procurement information and the extension of a deadline for a bidder after the submission window had closed.

What the record shows

• Nine people were convicted of corruption at first instance, and the convictions of Riva Siahaan and Muhammad Kerry Adrianto Riza have been upheld by the Supreme Court.
• Appeals reduced one sentence and raised one restitution order sharply, showing how much the outcome turned on the loss calculation.
• The courts disagreed about the economic loss: the first-instance court rejected it as assumptive and the High Court adopted it.
• None of the verdict reports we reviewed describes a finding that fuel sold to the public was adulterated.

What remains open

The Supreme Court's corrected restitution amount for Muhammad Kerry Adrianto Riza has not been published, and the full written rulings would show exactly which loss figure the court relied on. The appeal and cassation outcomes for the other seven defendants are not covered in the sources reviewed here. It is also not clear how the Rp285 trillion prosecution figure relates to the amounts the courts accepted.

What to watch

Watch for publication of the Supreme Court rulings in its decision directory, the final restitution figure, and the remaining defendants' cassation results. Our earlier analysis, From ministers to regents: Indonesia's corruption verdicts since 2019, places this case alongside other major verdicts. Connections between the people and companies in the case are mapped on the intelligence page, officials' records are in the officials directory, and checked claims are on the claims page.